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Starting in 1899, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT; 1896–1923) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT; 1923–1940) operated rapid transit lines in New York City — at first only elevated railways and later also subways. Until 1907, these lines were leased to the Brooklyn Heights Railroad, which also operated the BRT's surface transit lines. In 1907, the lease of the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad was canceled, and this company began to operate most of the rapid transit lines. A new company, the New York Consolidated Railroad, was formed in 1912 as the rapid transit operating subsidiary, and that same year the New York Municipal Railway was formed to enter into Contract 4 of the Dual Contracts with the city, under which the BRT gained subways and elevated extensions. In 1923, as part of the reorganization of the BRT into the BMT, the two companies were merged to form the New York Rapid Transit Corporation; the Brooklyn and Queens Transit Corporation was similarly formed in 1929 as the surface transit subsidiary. When the New York City Board of Transportation took over the BMT in 1940, the company ceased to operate. ==BRT (1899–1923)== The Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad was incorporated on January 30, 1899, and acquired the property of the bankrupt Brooklyn Elevated Railroad on February 17. The BRT gained control a month later, on March 25, and leased the elevated company to the Brooklyn Heights Railroad, until then solely a street railway company, on April 1. The other elevated company in Brooklyn, the Kings County Elevated Railway, was sold under foreclosure to the BRT on July 6, 1899, and reorganized on August 1 as the Kings County Elevated Railroad. The first step in simplifying the corporate structure was made in 1900, when the Sea View Railroad (Brighton Beach Line) was merged into the Kings County Elevated (on May 9) and the Kings County Elevated was then merged into the Brooklyn Union Elevated (on May 24). The lease to the Brooklyn Heights was canceled effective March 1, 1907, after which the Brooklyn Union Elevated operated itself. At the same time, the lease of the ground-level Canarsie Railroad, which was run as part of the elevated system, was transferred to the Brooklyn Union Elevated. The Sea Beach Railway (Sea Beach Line) and South Brooklyn Railway (Culver Line), which had been operated by the Brooklyn Heights as part of its elevated system, were released for independent operation.〔(McGraw Electric Railway Manual: The Red Book of American Street Railways Investments ), 1908, pages 202-210〕 Thus, as of March 1907, the following lines were operated with elevated trains: ;Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad *Brighton Beach Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Coney Island * *via Long Island Rail Road Manhattan Beach Division to Manhattan Beach *Broadway Line, Broadway Ferry, Williamsburg to Cypress Hills * *via incline and Long Island Rail Road Atlantic Avenue Division to Jamaica, Queens; also via Rockaway Beach Division to Rockaway Park, Queens *Canarsie Line, Broadway Ferry, Williamsburg to Canarsie Landing *Fifth Avenue Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Bay Ridge *Fulton Street Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to City Line *Lexington Avenue Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Cypress Hills *Myrtle Avenue Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Ridgewood, Queens ;Nassau Electric Railroad *West End Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Coney Island (operated by the Brooklyn Union Elevated north of 36th Street); the Nassau Electric also operated 86th Street Line trolleys on the West End Line south of Bath Beach ;Sea Beach Railway *Sea Beach Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Coney Island (operated by the Brooklyn Union Elevated north of 36th Street, and by the Sea Beach over Nassau Electric trackage rights on the West End Line between 36th Street and Bath Junction); the Sea Beach also operated trolleys west of Bath Junction ;South Brooklyn Railway *Culver Line, Park Row, Lower Manhattan to Coney Island (operated by the Brooklyn Union Elevated north of 36th Street); many trolleys were also operated over the line The Sea Beach Railway was soon leased by the Brooklyn Union Elevated, but the other two lines — the Culver and the West End — continued to be operated separately. On November 30, 1912, the Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad, Canarsie Railroad, and Sea Beach Railway merged to form the New York Consolidated Railroad. The New York Municipal Railway was incorporated on September 27, 1912,〔, 1914, pages 2069 to 2074〕 in order to lease the BRT lines built by the city under Contract 4 of the Dual Contracts. This lease was made for 49 years from January 1, 1917. Under the terms of the contract, the two systems were to be operated as one, and the city had the right of recapture, under which it could take back the lines it owned for city operation after ten years.〔(The Fitch Bond Book, Describing the Most Important Bond Issues of the United States and Canada ), 1922, pages 172, 736, and 992 to 993〕 Contract 4 elevated lines were completed above the West End tracks in 1917 and the Culver tracks in 1920, ending elevated operations on the surface. Despite being leased to the New York Municipal Railway, all the new lines were operated by the elevated company - the New York Consolidated Railroad.〔James Blaine Walker, (Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864-1917 ), 1918, page 283〕 The following construction was done under Contract 4:〔James Blaine Walker, (Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864-1917 ), 1918, pages 239 to 262〕〔New York Public Service Commission, (New Subways For New York: The Dual System of Rapid Transit ), June 1913〕 *Broadway Subway, Lower Manhattan to Long Island City, Queens *Canal Street Subway, Lower Manhattan *Centre Street Loop Subway, Lower Manhattan *Gravesend Avenue Elevated, Coney Island, Brooklyn to Sunset Park, Brooklyn *Eastern District Subway, Midtown Manhattan to East New York, Brooklyn *Fourth Avenue Subway, Bay Ridge, Brooklyn to Downtown Brooklyn *New Utrecht Avenue Elevated, Coney Island, Brooklyn to Sunset Park, Brooklyn *Trackage rights over the Astoria Elevated and Corona Elevated in Queens, leased to the Interborough Rapid Transit Company The following construction was done at the New York Municipal Railway's own expense:〔 *Brighton Beach Elevated reconstruction, Coney Island *Flatbush Avenue Subway, Prospect Park, Brooklyn to Downtown Brooklyn *Jamaica Avenue Elevated, Cypress Hills, Brooklyn to Jamaica, Queens *Liberty Avenue Elevated, City Line, Brooklyn to Ozone Park, Queens *Lutheran Cemetery Elevated, Ridgewood, Queens to Middle Village, Queens *Sea Beach Line reconstruction (depressed), Coney Island to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn *Stillwell Avenue Terminal at Coney Island *Express (third) track on the Broadway Elevated, Fulton Street Elevated, and Myrtle Avenue Elevated 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rapid transit operations of the BRT and BMT」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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